There are many possibilities for agroforestry in northern Europe too. Northern Europe is rich in forest so there would be large opportunities for forest grazing. Livestock produces a lot of greenhouse gas emissions but forests on the other hand store large amounts of carbon. When livestock is grazing in forests, a large part of the emissions from livestock are compensated by uptake of CO2 due to forest growth. In addition, this would be a more efficient form of land use because less area would be needed for pastures. Moreover, forest grazing would enhance animal well-being as animals can graze in a more natural environment.
Also other agroforestry practices would be possible in Northern Europe. Examples are hedgerows, windbreaks and riparian buffer zones. These linear agroforestry systems can have a positive effect as they prevent erosion and run-off which will improve water quality. In addition, it will have a positive effect on biodiversity. Food forests and (urban) forest gardens also would be possible in northern Europe, as well as the cultivation of edible (shiitake and oyster mushrooms) and medicinal (chaga and reishi/lingzhi) mushrooms in forests.
